Graciliano Ramos de Oliveira () (October 27, 1892 – March 20, 1953) was a Brazilian modernist writer, politician and journalist. He is known worldwide for his portrayal of the precarious situation of the poor inhabitants of the Brazilian ''sertão'' in his novel ''Vidas secas''. His characters are complex, nuanced, and tend to have pessimistic world views, from which Ramos deals with topics such as the lust for power (the main theme in ''São Bernardo''), misogyny (a key point in ''Angústia''), and infidelity. His protagonists are mostly lower-class men from northeastern Brazil, which are often aspiring writers (such as in ''Caetés''), or illiterate country workers, all of which usually have to deal with poverty and complex social relations.
